Molecular characterization of Hyalomma scupense and its vector-borne pathogen Theileria annulata in Ksar El Boukhari (Medea, Algeria)

This study analyzed the molecular and phylogenetic profiles of Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in cattle, and its tick vector Hyalomma scupense in Algeria. Forty H. scupense ticks were collected in Medea, with 5 testing positive for Theileria spp. based on partial COXIII gene sequences. Positive ticks were further analyzed using COX1 and 12S rRNA genes. Two novel H. scupense 12S rRNA haplotypes and one novel COX1 haplotype were identified. One T. annulata haplotype previously reported in Algerian cattle was detected. This represents the first molecular characterization of T. annulata from H. scupense ticks in Algeria, providing insights into the genetic diversity of the parasite vector in this region. Overall, the study reveals new haplotypes for both the tick vector and parasite, furthering our understanding of their molecular profiles and phylogenetics in Algeria. [Display omitted] •This study represents the first molecular characterization of T. annulata from its vector H. scupense in Algeria.•COXIII gene reveals five ticks positive for T. annulata with an haplotype previously reported from blood cattle in Algeria.•2 novel 12S and 1 original COX1 haplotypes specific to H. scupense were identified in Algeria.•Phylogeographic analysis: genetic proximity between H. scupense populations from Algeria and some Asian countries.•H. scupense, vector of T. annulata, represents a major threat to cattle farming and animal health in Algeria.