Physiological and immune responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under the regulation of exercise intensity: An integrated perspective of blood, liver and intestinal analysis

This study examined the effects of different water flow durations on serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). During a 90-day experiment, 270 largemouth bass (initial weight 96.05 ± 18.87 g) were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (CG) with a constant flow velocity of 0.3 cm/s, an interval exercise group (IE) with a water flow velocity of 2 bl/s for 8 h/day, and a sustained exercise group (SE) with a continuous flow velocity of 2 bl/s for 24 h/day. The results showed that the IE group had higher total protein (TP) levels than the CG and SE groups (P