Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus with the study of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential

In recent years, significant advancements in the field of green chemistry have spurred the search for alternative solvents for the extraction of phenolic compounds. In this perspective, the objective of this study is to investigate the potential of lactic acid as an alternative solvent for extracting phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. Utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction methodology and response surface methodology, the aim is to optimize the extraction process. Additionally, the study encompasses phytochemical screening, evaluation of biological activity, and characterization of bioactive molecules using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Optimization using the BBD revealed a TPC of approximately 130.17 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, achieved at 63.5% lactic acid for 29.67 min at 44.44 °C. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant tests showed that P.lentiscus extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity with high potential of 186.39 and 176.72 mmol trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight for DPPH• and ABTS•+, respectively. Moreover, P.lentiscus extract demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity, with IC50 values of 0.027%, 0.15%, and 0.034% for NO•, COX and MPO inhibition, respectively. Phytochemical characterization also revealed the presence of organic acids and phenolic compounds, identified as novel molecules characterized for the first time in P.lentiscus leaves. These findings underscore the effectiveness of using lactic acid-based alternative extraction solvents for phenolic compounds, particularly in industrial and pharmaceutical applications. [Display omitted] •Refinement of a green extraction method for phenolic compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves, employing a lactic acid-based solvent in conjunction with ultrasound-assisted extraction.•Highlighting the remarkable efficacy of phenolic compounds extracted from Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves through their potent action as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.•Phytochemical characterization of Pistacia lentiscus extract via LC-MS and GC-MS analysis, unveiling a diversity of active metabolites, including organic acids and various classes of phenolic compounds.