Assessing the utilization patterns of antiparasitic drug and farmer’s perception: implications for resistance in India's dairy farming sector

The present investigation was done to assess the utilization patterns of antiparasitic drugs among dairy owners and their perceptions regarding resistance development. A total of 160 dairy farmers, consisting of 80 Small Dairy Farmers (SDF) and 80 Large Dairy Farmers (LDF) were selected for the study from 8 different districts of 2 states of India (Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh). A pre-tested structured interview schedule was used for collecting data. In the study area, the majority of the dairy farmers were middle-aged males, middle-level educated and had a moderate level of experience in dairy farming. All the farmers were observed utilizing chemical antiparasitic drugs for managing parasitic infestations in dairy animals. Regarding parasite control, SDF relied on para-veterinarians, while LDF preferred self-treatment for their dairy animals. A primary source for acquiring antiparasitic drugs was pharmacy stores with and without a prescription from qualified animal health care service providers. It was found that approximately one-third of the farmers did not refer to drug labels for dose calculation. However, dairy farmers primarily relied on visual observation of animal body weight to calculate antiparasitic drug doses. The majority of the farmers stored antiparasitic drugs in their dairy farms. Moreover, the farmers expressed an average perception towards the antiparasitic resistance development. Among the various socio-economic factors, education and training were found the strongest predictors that made the highest changes in perception. The overall findings indicate that farmers were neither well-versed in the scientific practices related to the usage of antiparasitic drugs nor familiar with resistance issues. Despite this, they were continuing to acquire and administer drugs without seeking advice from the qualified veterinarians. Consequently, indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs in livestock sector has the potential to contribute to the emergence of resistance. It is imperative to create awareness among farmers about the importance of rational use of drugs to mitigate the risk of resistance.