From riverbank to the sea: An initial assessment of plastic pollution along the Ciliwung River, Indonesia

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic debris on the riverbanks of the Ciliwung River, covering upstream to downstream areas. The mean of debris found in each measurement was 32.79 ± 15.38 items/m2 with a weight of 106.00 ± 50.23 g/m2. Plastic debris accounted for over 50 % of all litter items identified and represents 55 % by weight, signifying a significantly high prevalence compared to global studies examining litter along riverbanks. The majority of the plastics found originated from Single-use applications and were predominantly made from Styrofoam. This investigation demonstrated the importance of actions to reduce single use applications and to improve waste management strategies. This can be achieved through proactive initiatives coupled with adaptable approaches, such as implementing effective urban planning and enhancing waste collection capacity. •Macro litter on riverbanks remains largely understudied in Global South.•Litter is more abundant upstream than downstream.•Riverbank litter observed was up to 30 times greater than global research.•Macro litter accumulates in regions with limited waste management practices.•4.95–18.82 tons of litter could be carried from the Ciliwung Riverbank into the sea.