Continuous rotary kiln pyrolysis of cassava plant shoot system and wide speciation of oxygenated and nitrogen-containing compounds in bio-oil by HESI and APPI-Orbitrap MS

[Display omitted] •Waste cassava harvest biomass as a source of renewable chemicals.•Effect of pyrolysis temperature over raw bio-oil constituents.•Comprehensive characterization of bio-oils from cassava shoot system.•Nitrogen-containing compounds indicate secondary deoxygenation mechanism. This work proposes the pyrolysis of the cassava plant shoot system biomass and a comprehensive chemical characterization of the resulting bio-oil. The highest yields of liquid products were obtained at 600 °C, with 12.6 % bio-oil (organic fraction), which presented the lowest total acid number of 65.7 mg KOH g−1. The bio-oil produced at 500 °C exhibited the highest total phenolic content of approximately 41 % GAE, confirmed by GC/MS analysis (33.8 % of the total area). FT-Orbitrap MS analysis found hundreds of oxygenated constituents in the bio-oils, belonging to the O2-7 classes, as well as nitrogen compounds from the Ny and OxNy classes. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in more oxygenated phenolics (O4–7) undergoing secondary degradation and deoxygenation reactions, generating O2–3 compounds. Additional classes affected were O3–5N2–3, while O1–2N1 presented more stable compounds. These findings show that cassava bio-oils are promising sources of renewable chemicals.