Elemental profile of wheat in the las vegas market: Geographic origin discrimination and probabilistic health risk assessment
This study investigates concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in organic and conventional wheat flour and grains marketed in Las Vegas. Geographic origins of the samples were evaluated using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Monte Carlo Simulation technique was also employe...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2024-09, Vol.191, p.114862, Article 114862 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | This study investigates concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in organic and conventional wheat flour and grains marketed in Las Vegas. Geographic origins of the samples were evaluated using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Monte Carlo Simulation technique was also employed to evaluate non-carcinogenic risk in four life stages. Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, and Zn were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following hot block-assisted digestion. Obtained results showed non-significant differences in contents of toxic and PTEs between conventional and organic wheat grains/flour. Using LDA, metal (loid)s were found to be indicative of geographical origin. The LDA produced a total correct classification rate of 95.8% and 100% for US and West Pacific Region samples, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the estimated non-carcinogenic risk associated with toxic element intakes across the four life stages were far lower than the threshold value (Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) > 1). However, the probability of exceeding the threshold value for Mn is approximately 32% in children aged between 5 and 8 years. The findings of this study can aid in understanding dietary Mn exposure in children in Las Vegas.
•This study investigated the elemental contents of wheat from the Las Vegas market.•The contents of metal (loid)s b/n organic and conventional wheat were comparable.•Metal (loid)s were used as descriptors to classify the geographic origin of wheat.•Monte Carlo Simulation technique was employed to evaluate non-carcinogenic risks.•Mean THQ values for Mn exceed the threshold value (THQ = 1) in two life stages. |
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ISSN: | 0278-6915 1873-6351 1873-6351 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114862 |