Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaf in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic extract of Canthium coromandelicum leaf. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities were evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) for 28 days. In acute toxicity study, there was no change in body weight, food and water intake, tissue histology was observed, suggesting that the extract was safe and non-toxic. Oral administration of leaf extract significantly reduced the blood glucose level (48%), serum lipids such as triglycerides (18.42%), total cholesterol (13.13%), LDL-C (18.47%), VLDL-C (18.41%), urea (41.23%), uric acid (13.08%), creatinine (9.6%), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (26.81%), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (15.58%), and increased the HDL-C level (10.88%). Leaf extract significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) in liver and kidney tissue of diabetic rats. The results suggest that C. coromandelicum leaf has potential antidiabetic and antioxidant activities without toxic effects and could be a potential therapeutic agent in the management and control of diabetes mellitus. [Display omitted] •C.coromandelicum used in folk medicine is investigated for antidiabetic activity.•In acute toxicity study, body weight, food and water intake were not altered.•250 mg/kg of extract revealed potent antihyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced rats.•Serum lipid profile and in vivo antioxidant activity were also elaborated.•The results proved this plant as a potential candidate in preventing diabetes.