Focused ultrasound-mediated cerium-based nanoreactor against Parkinson's disease via ROS regulation and microglia polarization

Neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory microenvironment dominated by microglia are the main obstacles in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we developed an integrated nanoreactor Q@CeBG by encapsulating CeO2 nanozyme and quercetin (Que) into glutathione-modified bovine serum albumin, and then selected focused ultrasound (FUS) to temporarily open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enhance the accumulation level of Q@CeBG in the brain. Q@CeBG exhibited superior multi-ROS scavenging activity. Under the assistance of FUS, Q@CeBG nanoreactor can penetrate the BBB and act on neurons as well as microglia, reducing the neuron's oxidative stress level and polarizing microglia's phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2. In vitro and In vivo experiments demonstrated that Q@CeBG nanoreactor with good biocompatibility exhibit outstanding neuroprotection and immunomodulatory effects. In short, this dual synergetic nanoreactor will become a reliable platform against PD. Q@CeBG nanoreactors are explored which exhibit superior multi-ROS scavenging ability. Under the assistance of focused ultrasound, Q@CeBG nanoreactors are able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and be taken up by neurons and microglia to protect the nervous system and remodel the brain microenvironment. In both in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease, Q@CeBG shows good neuroprotective effects. [Display omitted]