Effects of vegetation on the spatiotemporal distribution of soil water content in re-vegetated slopes using temporal stability analysis

•Four model slopes were constructed to study the soil water distribution.•The vegetation considerably reduced the similarity of spatial distribution pattern of soil water.•The spatial distribution pattern of the soil water under grass cover tended to be more stable.•The proposed weight-based prediction method accurately estimated the soil water status. The temporal stability of soil water is a critical state variable affecting hydrological process and structural stability of slopes. In this study, the effect of vegetation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil water content (SWC) was assessed via temporal stability analysis. Three types of re-vegetated slopes (grass, shrub, and grass-shrub) were constructed to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of the SWC at depths of 0–100 cm. Then, the effects of different vegetation covers on the SWC were explored. The coefficient of variation, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the mean relative difference, and the index of temporal stability were utilized to demonstrate the temporal stability of the SWC. Finally, a method of estimating the soil water status of re-vegetated slopes based on representative locations was developed. The results revealed that soil water dynamics were considerably governed by vegetation and rainfall. The vegetation cover considerably reduced the similarity of the spatial distribution pattern of the soil water, which tended to be more stable under grass cover. The weight-based prediction method developed in this study can more accurately estimate the overall soil water state of re-vegetated slopes. It provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable layout of SWC monitoring points and guidance for the ecological restoration of engineering slopes.