Phytochemical Analysis, GC–MS Identification of Bioactive Compounds, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Resin of Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy

The objective of this study was to evaluate phytochemicals present in the resin of Garcinia indica (Gamboge). We assessed the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of acetone, methanol, and water extracts of resin. Acetone and methanol extracts contain a high amount of phenolics (183.90 and 182.85 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g) and flavonoids (72.65 and 71.33 mg QE (quercetin equivalent)/g), respectively, whereas methanol extract had the highest 7.62 mg AE (atropine equivalent)/g of alkaloid. GC–MS analysis of acetone extract identified 15 compounds and the majority of them were terpenoids, and 9,19-cyclo-25,26-epoxyergostan-3-ol,4,4,14-trimethyl-, acetate was the major compound among all terpenoids. Both acetone and methanol extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH, total antioxidant activity, and FRAP assays. This experimental evidence suggests that G. indica resin is an excellent source of bioactive compounds and can be explored for its medicinal applications.