Community Synchrony in Seed Production is Associated With Trait Similarity and Climate Across North America

ABSTRACT Mast seeding, the synchronous and highly variable production of seed crops by perennial plants, is a population‐level phenomenon and has cascading effects in ecosystems. Mast seeding studies are typically conducted at the population/species level. Much less is known about synchrony in mast seeding between species because the necessary long‐term data are rarely available. To investigate synchrony between species within communities, we used long‐term data from seven forest communities in the U.S. Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) network, ranging from tropical rainforest to boreal forest. We focus on cross‐species synchrony and (i) quantify synchrony in reproduction overall and within LTER sites, (ii) test for relationships between synchrony with trait and phylogenetic similarity and (iii) investigate how climate conditions at sites are related to levels of synchrony. Overall, reproductive synchrony between woody plant species was greater than expected by chance, but spanned a wide range of values between species. Based on 11 functional and reproductive traits for 103 species (plus phylogenetic relatedness), cross‐species synchrony in reproduction was driven primarily by trait similarity with phylogeny being largely unimportant, and synchrony was higher in sites with greater climatic water deficit. Community‐level synchrony in masting has consequences for understanding forest regeneration dynamics and consumer‐resource interactions. Mast seeding is described as the synchronous and highly variable production of seed crops by a population of perennial plants, however, plant species rarely exist as monocultures. We investigated cross‐species synchrony in long‐term seed production patterns of 103 species across 7 US. Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and found that cross‐species synchrony in reproduction was driven primarily by trait similarity, with phylogeny being largely unimportant, and synchrony was higher in sites with greater climatic water deficit. Synchrony between species could occur due to similarities in climatic cues of co‐occurring species, or be promoted because the benefits of seed predator satiation through reproductive synchrony extend to the community level.