Impact of Bambusa vulgaris-supplemented diet on Nile tilapia challenged with Pseudomonas putida: Hematological, immune, and oxidative responses

This study investigated the effects of bamboo shoot extract (Bambusa vulgaris) as a feed additive on the health profiles and infection resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Pseudomonas putida. Bamboo shoot extract was added at levels of 0 g, 40 g, and 60 g per 1000 g of diet over a 60-day period. The fish were then challenged with a pathogenic P. putida strain. Chemical analysis of the bamboo shoot extract identified 3,5-dinitrophenol and hydroquinone as the two most abundant compounds. Results showed that fish fed bamboo-enriched diets exhibited significantly enhanced levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, and platelets, and improved erythrocyte cellular and nuclear morphologies, indicating improved health profiles after the challenge. Liver function indicators, including AST, ALT, and ALP, were notably balanced in fish receiving bamboo shoot extract post-challenge (p