Factors affecting hormonal outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective observational study

Surgical resection of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNET) is associated with new onset hormonal axis (HA) dysfunction, and factors predicting HA dysfunction are controversial, especially in large and giant NF-PitNET. Thus, we evaluated the postoperative hormonal function and assessed factors affecting HA dysfunction in patients with NF-PitNET. This prospective observational study involved 50 patients who underwent endoscopic surgical resection of NF-PitNET in the Department of Neurosurgery (April 2023–March 2024). The preoperative tumor diameter and volume were calculated radiologically. Hormonal evaluation was performed preoperatively, and again postoperatively at 7-days and 90-days. At 90-days, 36% patients recovered HA function, 34% remained unchanged, while 30% worsened. Serum cortisol ( p 0.05). Overall, there was no significant change in grade of HA dysfunction ( p > 0.05). Male sex (OR:5.630, 95%CI:1.648–19.232; p = 0.006), tumor volume (OR:3.511, 95%CI:1.308–9.423; p = 0.013) and tumor diameter (OR:9.489, 95%CI:2.916–30.878; p