Elevated Activity in Left Homologous Music Circuits Is Inhibitory for Music Perception but Mediated by Structure–Function Coupling

ABSTRACT Aims Previous studies suggested that structural and functional connectivity of right frontotemporal circuits associate with music perception. Emerging evidences demonstrated that structure–function coupling is important for cognition and may allow for a more sensitive investigation of brain–behavior association, while we know little about the relationship between structure–function coupling and music perception. Methods We collected multimodal neuroimaging data from 106 participants and measured their music perception by Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). Then we computed structure–function coupling, amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), gray matter volume (GMV), and structural/functional degree centrality (DC) and utilized support vector regression algorithm to build their relationship with MBEA score. Results We found structure–function coupling, rather than GMV, ALFF, or DC, contributed to predict MBEA score. Left middle frontal gyrus (L.MFG), bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, and right insula were the most predictive ROIs for MBEA score. Mediation analysis revealed structure–function coupling of L.MFG, a region that is homologous to typical music circuits, fully mediated the negative link between ALFF of L.MFG and MBEA score. Conclusion Structure–function coupling is more effective when explaining variation in music perception. Our findings provide further understanding for the neural basis of music and have implications for cognitive causes of amusia. We found structure–function coupling, rather than gray matter volume, spontaneous regional neural activity (ALFF) or uni‐modal regional connectivity profile (degree centrality) could predict music perception. Further, structure–function coupling of left middle frontal gyrus (L.MFG), a region that is homologous to typical music circuits, fully mediated the negative link between ALFF of L.MFG and MBEA score.