The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES-I)

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is increasing in Indonesia. The patient’s quality of life will decrease due to this condition. Diabetes self-management is a viable tactic for improving quality of life and reducing blood sugar levels. A key element of diabetes self-management education for nurses and health professionals is self-efficacy. However, a valid and reliable scale to assess self-efficacy in Indonesia is necessary. Aims: ‘The Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES)’ is translated into Indonesian for the psychometric assessment of diabetes patients there. Method: DMSES was translated into the Indonesian version (DMSES-I) using the forward-backward translation method. In addition, 227 adult patients with type 2 diabetes completed the scale which underwent internal consistency, construct validity and content validity tests. Results: The item content validity and scale validity were 0.955 and 0.955, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis showed a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of 0.922 and a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.928. The confirmatory factor analysis results were chi-square = 76.610, probability = 0.009 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.049. Conclusion: To assess diabetes self-efficacy in Indonesia, the DMSES-I is a valid and reliable tool. To educate diabetes self-management effectively, nurses must assess their patients’ diabetes self-efficacy.