Clinical risk factors of long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors

The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound and lasting impact on the mental health of recovered individuals. To investigate the clinical risk factors associated with long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors, demographic information and medical records were collected during February 19 and March 20, 2020. Assessments of PTSS, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were conducted at two months (April to May 2020, Session 1) and two years (April to May 2022, Session 2) post-discharge. Session 1 included 127 survivors who were infected with the early strains of SARS-CoV-2, and 54 of these participants took part in Session 2. PTSS (median: Session 1 = 9, Session 2 = 7; p = 0.522) and depression (median: Session 1 = 5, Session 2 = 4; p = 0.127) remained unchanged over the two years following COVID-19 infection, while anxiety (median: Session 1 = 5, Session 2 = 2; p