In vitro cytotoxicity of dental implant cements on human gingival and mouse preosteoblast cell lines

This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of implant luting cements and to visualize the morphological changes in the cells. Seven experimental groups Cem Implant Cement (CIC), EsTemp Implant Cement (EIC), Harvard Implant Cement (HIC), MIS Crown Set Implant Cement (MCIC), Oxford Cem Implant Cement (OCIC), Premier Implant Cement (PIC), and Adhesor Carbofine (ZPC) were generated including one conventional, and six implant cements (n = 9). Specimens were applied to human fibroblast cell (HGF) and mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) cells by direct contact and extract text methods. The extracts were prepared by sterilizing the discs under ultraviolet light for 24 h in a cell culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO, and 95% humidity. Cell lines were confluent in the cell culture module in 25 cm² and 75 cm² flasks in a carbon dioxide incubator with 5% CO and 95% humidity. Discs and extracts were placed in a 96-well plate. Cell viability was evaluated after 24 h by means of a cell proliferation assay with 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide (XTT assay). Dual-cured OCIC and HIC cements comprising methacrylate and zinc oxide elicited relatively lower cytotoxicity than self-cure cements with various compositions. The OCIC revealed the highest cell viability (89%) in the extract method on the HGF cells. Immortalized MC3T3 cells showed more sensitivity to cement exposure than the primary HGF cells. All tested cements elicited a cytotoxic effect with differences depending on cell type and cement material in extract and direct contact methods. Dual polymerized semi-permanent cement (OCIC) showed higher cell viability in the extract method.