Modeling the Influence of Coastal Site Characteristics on PFAS in Situ Remediation

The potential performance of a hypothetical colloidal-activated carbon (CAC) in situ remedy for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater in coastal zones was evaluated using estimated hydrogeologic and geochemical parameters for a coastal site in the Unit...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Ground water 2024-12
Hauptverfasser: Carey, Grant R, Danko, Anthony, Pham, Anh Le-Tuan, Soderberg, Keir, Hoagland, Beth, Sleep, Brent
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:The potential performance of a hypothetical colloidal-activated carbon (CAC) in situ remedy for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater in coastal zones was evaluated using estimated hydrogeologic and geochemical parameters for a coastal site in the United States. With these parameters, a reactive transport model (ISR-MT3DMS) was used to assess the effects of tidal fluctuations and near-shore geochemistry on CAC performance. The average near-shore ionic strength of 84 mM at the site was conservatively estimated to result in an increase in the adsorption of PFOA to CAC by about 50% relative to non-coastal sites with ionic strength 99.9%) achieved after several decades at the shore. CAC longevity was substantially greater for PFOS with a similar source concentration; however, the higher PFOS distribution coefficient (K ) in soil downgradient from the CAC zone resulted in substantially longer flushing times. It is recommended that short-term remedial action objectives for CAC remedies at coastal sites be based on mass flux reduction targets over a period of several decades, given the demonstrated challenges in trying to achieve very low cleanup criteria downgradient of a CAC zone in the short term.
ISSN:1745-6584
1745-6584
DOI:10.1111/gwat.13456