Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes of Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Single-Center Series Over a 15-Year Period

Background The role of prophylactic primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) and unresectable liver metastases is a matter of debate. Objective We aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients with SI-NETs who underwent PTR, according to the presence of metastasis and symptoms from primary. Material and Methods Data from patients who underwent PTR for SI-NETs from a single referral center (2007–2023) were prospectively collected. Patients were divided into three groups: non-metastatic (M0) and metastatic with primary tumor-related symptoms (MS) or metastatic asymptomatic (MA). Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were generated and compared by group. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the significance of risk factors. Results Of 147 patients, 53 were M0, 23 were MS, and 71 were MA. Median follow-up was 26 months. The 5- and 10-year OS estimates were 100% and 100% in M0 patients, 82 and 21% in MS patients, and 89 and 80% in MA patients, respectively ( p