Navigating Treatment-Induced Head and Neck Malignancies in Cancer Survivors

Cancer presents a significant global health burden. Traditional treatment modalities, especially radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have improved survival, but they have long-term consequences. Treatment-induced malignancies, a growing concern, pose risks to survivors. Often with limited treatment options, these tumors tend to have a worse survival rate. A thorough understanding of the main risk groups is critical for lifelong follow-up and personalized care strategies. This review provides an update on the knowledge of treatment-induced malignancies of the head and neck in cancer survivors; specifically, it discusses the risks, histological considerations, diagnosis and treatment strategies, follow-up recommendations, and future perspectives.