Insights Into the Effects and Implications of Acidic Beverages on Resin Composite Materials in Dental Restorations: An In Vitro Study

Dental composite resins are commonly used due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, exposure to beverages like Coca-Cola, Apple juice, and Black coffee can negatively impact these materials. This study examined the effects of these drinks on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of Nanohybrid, Giomer, and Dual-Cure Bulk-fill resin composites. Seventy-two disc-shaped resin composite specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on immersion liquid: Group 1 (Coca-Cola), Group 2 (Apple juice), Group 3 (Black coffee), and Group 4 (Distilled water). The composites were further categorized into NeoSpectra (Subgroup 1), Beautifil II (Subgroup 2), and Predicta (Subgroup 3). Specimens were immersed for 14 days, alternating 18 h in beverages and 6 h in distilled water daily. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, and surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Data were assessed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, with significance set at p