Enhancing breast cancer surgery outcomes: A comprehensive review of oncoplastic techniques, surgical planning, and aesthetic considerations

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women in Western countries. Historically treated with radical and modified radical surgeries, breast cancer is now primarily managed with breast-conserving surgery combined with postsurgical radiotherapy. Oncoplastic breast surgery, a technique that integrates aesthetic breast reduction methods with cancer surgery, has been developed as a tumor-specific approach to facilitate breast conservation while removing the tumor. This method allows for higher excision volumes with minimal aesthetic compromise. The main components of oncoplastic surgery are volume displacement and volume replacement techniques. This review discusses the essential role of oncoplastic techniques in breast-conserving surgery (BCS), which has evolved into the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer. Understanding these techniques is critical for all breast surgeons to optimize both aesthetic and oncologic outcomes. •AI-assisted pre-op planning enhances precision and cosmetic results in breast surgeries.•OPS shows superior outcomes in oncologic safety and patient satisfaction compared to BCS.•New glandular flap technique significantly reduces re-excision rates in large DCIS cases.•OPS with chest wall perforator flaps speeds recovery, minimizes complications, and boosts satisfaction.•Innovative scoring system aids in selecting optimal surgeries post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.