Fungal mycobiome dysbiosis in choledocholithiasis concurrent with cholangitis

The gut mycobiome might have an important influence on the pathogenesis of choledocholithiasis concurrent with cholangitis (CC). The aim of this study was to characterize the fungal mycobiome profiles, explore the correlation and equilibrium of gut interkingdom network among bacteria-fungi-metabolites triangle in CCs. In a retrospective case-control study, we recruited patients with CC (n = 25) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 25) respectively to analyze the gut fungal dysbiosis. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to characterize the gut mycobiome profiles, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis was used to quantify the metabolites composition. The Shannon index displayed a reduction in fungal α-diversity in CCs compared to HCs (p = 0.041), and the overall fungal composition differed significantly between two groups. The dominant 7 fungi species with the remarkable altered abundance were identified (LDA score > 3.0, p 1.0 and p