Recessivity of deltamethrin resistance, kdr mutations, and detoxifying enzymes in hybrids of Triatoma phyllosoma subcomplex from Mexico

Triatoma species from the phyllosoma subcomplex are sympatrically distributed and include some of the main vectors of Chagas disease in Mexico. Species within this subcomplex, including Triatoma pallidipennis , T. mazzottii , T. picturata , and T. longipennis , have shown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, associated with mutations in the para gene of the voltage gate sodium channel (VGSC) and the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as β-esterases and glutathione s-transferases (GST). In this study, we evaluated resistance to deltamethrin in hybrids of T. pallidipennis × T. mazzottii (T.pal × T.maz) and T. pallidipennis × T. picturata (T.pal × T.pic) under laboratory conditions, and the inheritance was determined based on the degree of dominance (DO). Additionally, associated resistance mechanisms were analyzed, including detoxifying enzymes and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations. High levels of resistance to deltamethrin were found in the hybrids of T.pal × T.maz when compared with the susceptible strain of T. mazzottii (RR 50 = 17.50). Dominance levels calculated for each hybrid showed values