Risk factors for substantial weight retention at 1 year postpartum: evidence from a German birth cohort study (KUNO-Kids)

Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) increases the risk of overweight and obesity. This study aims to identify risk factors for substantial weight retention (≥ 5 kg) at 1 year postpartum. Data were obtained from N = 747 mothers participating in the KUNO-Kids birth cohort study. The following variables were analyzed: sociodemographic variables, pre-pregnancy body mass index, postpartum weight retention at 6 months, gestational weight gain, parity, breastfeeding, mode of delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, sleep, and depression. Variables that showed an association of p