Early childhood intervention programmes in German-speaking countries-different paths to the same goal

In German-speaking countries, early childhood intervention programmes-known as "Frühe Hilfen"-are generally understood as an overall concept of health promotion measures that particularly target early intervention in pregnancy and early childhood and are primarily aimed at families in stressful life situations. This article provides an overview of early intervention services in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol.While various models have been implemented in Germany and continue to co-exist to this day, a standardised model has been established in Austria. South Tyrol and Liechtenstein also orientate themselves on this model. Although there is now also a concept for Switzerland, it has so far only been implemented in individual cantons. Germany, Austria and South Tyrol have so far enshrined the concept in law. In Germany, Austria and Liechtenstein, a national centre has been commissioned to provide ongoing professional and scientific support and quality development. Coordinating units are active at the level of federal states (Germany and Austria) and regions (South Tyrol), although they have different responsibilities in some cases. The core element of voluntary and free outreach family support is provided by a multi-professional team according to the Austrian model and by defined professional groups in Germany (family midwives and family health and paediatric nurses). The available data and results from the accompanying research show that Frühe Hilfen is achieving its goal. Families are relieved and access to specific support services is facilitated. Families who are considered socially or socio-economically disadvantaged can largely be reached.