Saline versus balanced crystalloids for hydration post-kidney biopsy

Isotonic fluids are becoming the standard for hydration and maintenance fluid therapy, but there is no consensus on the optional choice among the different types of isotonic solution. This study is a single-center, non-randomized controlled trial at Kobe University Hospital, Japan, between April 2021 and March 2023. The study included pediatric patients aged 1-19 years who underwent kidney biopsies. From April 2021 to March 2022, 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) was administered, and from April 2022 to March 2023, balanced crystalloids were used. The primary outcome was the occurrence of hyponatremia (