Modulating Treg cell activity in prostate cancer via chitosan nanoparticles loaded with si-BATF/PRDM1

•Nanoparticle-based therapy offers a targeted approach for prostate cancer treatment.•Chitosan nanoparticles deliver siRNA to inhibit BATF and PRDM1 in Treg cells.•Inhibition of BATF and PRDM1 suppresses prostate cancer growth and metastasis.•BATF and PRDM1 are pivotal targets in nanoparticle-mediated prostate cancer therapy.•Understanding Treg cell modulation enhances precision medicine strategies. Prostate cancer is a significant health issue, with regulatory T (Treg) cells playing a crucial role in its progression. This study explores the potential of chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles loaded with si-BATF/PRDM1 to target Treg cell activity in impeding prostate cancer development. By understanding the function of BATF and PRDM1 in Treg cells, the research demonstrates their central involvement in prostate cancer progression. Through experiments in vitro and in vivo, including single-cell sequencing and gene silencing assays, chitosan nanoparticles efficiently deliver siRNA, inhibiting BATF and PRDM1 expression. This inhibition leads to suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in prostate cancer models. The findings highlight the promise of nanoparticle-based approaches in modulating Treg cell activity for prostate cancer therapy, offering a potential avenue for precision medicine interventions in combating this prevalent malignancy.