Differential murine responses to Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the liver and small intestine lead to downmodulation of hepatic but not intestinal periovular granulomas

To control schistosomiasis mansoni, it is important to attempt preventing the worms' egg-induced pathology in the liver and limiting pathogen transmission following egg exit from the intestines to the exterior. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the reasons behind the decades-long riddle of periovular granulomas downmodulation in the liver, but not the small intestine, with the progression of murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Outbred female CD-1 mice were percutaneously exposed to 15 cercariae. The liver and small intestine were collected from mice harboring a minimum of a worm couple at 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post-infection, assessed for egg counts/g and histopathological changes, and used to prepare Triton X-100 extracts. Content of cytokines, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, reactive oxygen species, and uric acid per mg tissue extract proteins were evaluated using capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and standard commercially available reagents, respectively. Examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections confirmed the decrease in size and changes in cellular composition of periovular granulomas in the liver but not the small intestine, associated with wide differences in released cytokines types and amounts, and content of the bioactive lipids, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, reactive oxygen species, and uric acid. The results together disclosed that the downmodulation of hepatic, but not the small intestine, circumoval granulomas with the progression of murine naturally results from site- and tissue- specific immunological and biochemical responses to the egg-derived antigens and molecules and suggested that the intestines appear to harbor immune-privileged sites.