Causes of abortion in Iranian goat herds and associated risk factors

Abortion imposes a substantial economic burden on the global small ruminant industry, not only reducing herd productivity but also contributing to the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study examines the primary factors associated with abortion, both infectious and non-infectious, in 623 goat herds across Iran. A comprehensive evaluation was performed, incorporating herd history, laboratory results, and statistical analyses using univariate tests and multivariable binary logistic regression. Key findings revealed significant associations with abortion, including previous abortion history, gestational age of the aborted foetus, routine veterinary visits, mineral supplementation, and vaccination practices. Non-infectious factors, such as pregnancy toxemia, goiter, and deficiencies in vitamin E/selenium, were identified in herds with a low abortion prevalence (