Qualitative analysis of clinical pharmacy interventions in an inpatient leukemia service

Leukemia, a complex hematological malignancy, requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach, with clinical pharmacists playing a crucial role. However, their involvement in clinical practice is not well-documented in the literature. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of clinical pharmacy interventions (CPIs) reported by clinical pharmacists. This retrospective study involved extraction of CPIs entered into a pharmacy documentation database "Quantifi " between January 2019 and June 2023. These CPIs included direct clinical pharmacist interventions (DCPIs), detected medication errors (MEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A total of 6286 CPIs were extracted, of which DCPIs, MEs and ADRs accounted for 5701 (90.7%), 357 (5.7%) and 228 (3.6%) reports, respectively. The most prevalent DCPIs were drug therapy discontinuation (n = 1080, 18.9%). Antimicrobials were the most common medications associated with DCPIs (n = 1991, 34.9%). Physicians accepted 99.4% of DCPIs and 64.1% (n = 3656) of direct interventions were considered significant. Among detected MEs, antimicrobials were the most reported medications (n = 158, 44.3%), with pharmacy internal errors being the most prevalent cause of the events (n = 172, 48.2%). Among the reported ADRs, hematological reactions were the most common (n = 81, 35.5%), and antineoplastic agents were the most frequently associated medications with ADRs (n = 164, 71.9%). This study highlights the crucial role of clinical pharmacists in managing leukemia patients, emphasizing their key interventions and ability to identify MEs and ADRs. Further research is needed to explore the clinical outcomes and financial impact of their involvement.