Enhancing biomedical imaging: the role of nanoparticle-based contrast agents

Biomedical imaging plays a critical role in early detection, precise diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring responses, but traditional methods encounter challenges such as limited sensitivity, specificity, and inability to monitor therapeutic responses due to factors like short circulation half-life and potential toxicity. Nanoparticles are revolutionizing biomedical imaging as contrast agents across modalities like computed tomography (CT), optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound, exploiting unique attributes such as those of metal-based, polymeric, and lipid nanoparticles. They shield imaging agents from immune clearance, extending circulation time, and enhancing bioavailability at tumor sites. This results in improved imaging sensitivity. The study highlights advancements in multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted imaging, tackling concerns regarding toxicity and biocompatibility. Critically evaluating conventional contrast agents, emphasizes the shortcomings that nanoparticles aim to overcome. This review provides insight into the current status of nanoparticle-based contrast agents, illuminating their potential to reshape therapeutic monitoring and precision diagnostics. Graphical Abstract