Ovarian cancer extracellular vesicle biomarkers

•Finding novel biomarkers can lead to earlier, more specific diagnoses and improved survival of ovarian cancer patients.•Urine, ascitic fluid, and uterotubal lavage fluid are promising sources for ovarian cancer biomarkers.•Extra cellular vesicle related proteins and miRNAs are potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.•Isolating extracellular vesicles poses challenges, that should be tackled when studying nearby fluid biomarkers. Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a significant women’s health concern due to its high mortality rate and the challenges posed by late detection. Exploring novel biomarkers could lead to earlier, more specific diagnoses and improved survival rates for OC patients. This review focuses on biomarkers associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in various proximal fluids, including urine, ascites, utero-tubal lavage fluid of OC patients. We highlight these proximal fluids as rich sources of potential biomarkers. The review explains the roles of EV biomarkers in ovarian cancer progression and discusses EV-related proteins and miRNAs as potential diagnostic or prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Finally, we highlighted the limitations of examining proximal fluids as sources of biomarkers and encourage researchers to proactively pursue innovative solutions to overcome these challenges.