Clinical and pathological findings of Africanized bee (Apis mellifera) envenomation in horses

Africanized crossbred bees (Apis mellifera) originated in Brazil in 1957, and since then, the number of accidents involving humans and animals has significantly increased. Although they are considered clinical emergencies, there are few reports describing the clinical and pathological aspects of bee...

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Veröffentlicht in:Toxicon (Oxford) 2024-11, Vol.251, p.108136, Article 108136
Hauptverfasser: Costa Kamura, Beatriz da, Albertino, Lukas Garrido, Cavallari, Ricardo Romera, Queiroz de Souza, Larissa, Rodrigues, Lucas Troncarelli, Barros de Sousa Pereira, Isabella, Rocha, Noeme Sousa, Takahira, Regina Kiomi, Briscola Pereira, Wanderson Adriano, Borges, Alexandre Secorun, Oliveira-Filho, José Paes de, Amorim, Rogério Martins
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Africanized crossbred bees (Apis mellifera) originated in Brazil in 1957, and since then, the number of accidents involving humans and animals has significantly increased. Although they are considered clinical emergencies, there are few reports describing the clinical and pathological aspects of bee envenomation in horses. In this context, this report aims to describe the clinical and pathological features of bee toxicity after massive bee envenomation in three horses. The horses were referred to the veterinary hospital the day following the attack, and after clinical and laboratory examination, they presented with vascular, muscular, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal impairment. Even after the initiation of therapy immediately upon admission, the clinical condition of the two horses worsened, and they died within two days of hospitalization, with pathological analysis confirming the previously observed clinical alterations of generalized vasculopathy, liver degeneration, pulmonary edema, and renal tubular necrosis. Many cases of massive bee envenomation have been documented in both humans and animals, particularly in dogs. Understanding the mechanism of action of apitoxin, its effects on various tissues, and the ideal therapy for each patient has proven crucial for improving survival rates. [Display omitted] •There are few cases of massive bee envenomation in horses.•The clinical signs are caused by several bee venom bioactive compounds responsible for the clinical signs.•Clinical findings include urticaria, head edema, pain, and brownish urine.•The laboratory and pathological findings included hemolysis, pigmenturia, renal necrosis, and hepatocyte degeneration.•The treatment is symptomatic, and the prognosis is poor for massive bee attacks.
ISSN:0041-0101
1879-3150
1879-3150
DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108136