To explore the mechanism of gypenosides in the treatment of liver injury in rats based on GC-MS metabolomics and bile acid metabolism pathway

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a herbaceous vine of Cucurbitaceae family, and its principal pharmacological components, gypenosides (GPs), have been proved to be effective in various liver diseases. However, the mechanisms of GPs on liver injury are still to be studied for further. This investigation utilized the CCl4-induced liver injury rat model (LI) to comprehensively explore the mechanism of action of GPs in the treatment of chemical liver injury by comparing the metabolomic changes in four groups rats. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of GPs in a liver injury rat model induced by weekly gavage of CCl4 was evaluated by inflammatory factors, oxidative damage indexes, and histopathological sections. Then, GC-MS technology was used to identify the metabolic profile of GPs in treating liver injury. Finally, the content variation of metabolites (BAs and SCFAs) was measured to elucidate the mechanism of GPs in the treatment of CCl4-induced liver injury. After 8 weeks of administration, GPs effectively reduced the degree of LI and appeared a substantial tendency of reversing in the levels of MDA, GSH, CYP7E1, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1. Untargeted metabolomics suggested that GPs may play a role in BAs and SCFAs metabolism. Targeted metabolomics and ELISA confirmed the key role of GPs in increasing SCFAs levels and regulating BAs metabolism. Overall, this study indicated that GPs can alleviate CCl4-induced liver injury. And GPs may exert beneficial effects on LI by affecting their metabolites (SCFAs and BAs). •The primary pharmacodynamic constituents of Gynostemma, known as gypenosides (GPs), have demonstrated effectiveness in treating various liver ailments.•The therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of LI (liver injury) were initially assessed using inflammatory factors and histopathological sections. The metabolic profile of LI treated with GPs was analyzed using GC-MS.•Explore the mechanism of action of GPs by comparing the metabolomic changes of the bile acids (BAs) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rats.•After administration, GPs may exert beneficial effects on LI by affecting their metabolites (SCFAs and BAs).