Next-Generation BiOCl/MXene Nanocomposites: Optimized for Dye Removal and Supercapacitor Applications

The study focuses on the development of an efficient and sustainable solution for synthetic dye degradation through the hydrothermal synthesis of BiOCl and BiOCl/MXene heterostructures. Structural and compositional properties were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. A significant reduction in the band gap of BiOCl/MXene to 2.97 eV from 3.62 eV for BiOCl was observed via UV spectroscopy, leading to enhanced photocatalysis with 89% degradation efficiency in just 12 min. The mechanism involved and reactive species were confirmed by LC-HRMS and radical trapping tests, while ICP-MS verified metal content in water before and after degradation. Additionally, the nanocomposite demonstrated a specific capacitance of 431.24 F g–1 at a current density of 1 mA cm–2, with an excellent capacitance retention of 94.35% after 2000 cycles. This study highlights BiOCl/MXene as a promising material for both photodegradation and supercapacitor applications.