Evaluation of the Role of Myofibroblast and Fibronectin in the Aetiopathogenesis of Cholesteatoma

Background Primary acquired Cholesteatoma is a complex issue for otolaryngologists, with its development mechanisms still unclear due to the intricate anatomy of this region. It’s aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood and this aggressive clinical condition often leads to various complications. Recent research explores myofibroblast and fibronectin's potential roles in pathomechanisms of Cholesteatoma. Objective To determine and analyze the role of myofibroblast and fibronectin in the aetiopathogenesis of Cholesteatoma. Methodology In a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital, 30 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma were surgically treated, and intraoperative biopsy specimens were collected. These specimens were processed and subjected to histopathological examination, including immunohistochemical staining with Alpha-smooth muscle actin and anti-fibronectin antibody to identify myofibroblast and fibronectin presence. The data were then analyzed to investigate the aetiopathogenesis of cholesteatoma in this cohort. Results On immunostaining, 25 blocks (83.33%) were positively stained for Alpha-SMA ( p-value —0.0007), whereas 29 blocks (96.67%) were positively stained for fibronectin ( p-value