Intelligent Hydrogel with Physiologically Dependent Capacities of Photothermal Conversion and Nanocatalytic Medicine to Integratively Inhibit Bacteria and Inflammation for On‐Demand Treatment of Infected Wound

Although chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) based on a variety of nanoparticles have been developed to achieve effective anti‐bacterial therapy, the limited therapeutic efficiency of CDT alone, as well as the undifferentiated damage of PTT to both bacteria and surrounding healthy tissue are still challenges for their clinical application of infected wounds treatments. In addition, during the CDT and PTT‐mediated antimicrobial processes, the endogenous macrophages would be easily converted to pro‐inflammatory macrophages (M1 phenotype) under local ROS and hyperthermia to promote inflammation, resulting in unexpected suppression of tissue regeneration and possible wound deterioration. To address these problems, a biodegradable sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with functional CeO2‐Au nano‐alloy (AO@ACP) is fabricated to not only achieve precise and efficient antibacterial activity through infection‐environment dependent photothermal‐chemodynamic therapy but also rapidly eliminate the excess reactive oxygens (ROS) in the M1 type macrophage at the infected area to induce their polarization to M2 type for significant inhibition of inflammation and remarkable enhancement of tissue regeneration, hopefully developing an effective strategy to treat infected wound. A nanocomposite hydrogel (AO@ACP) is fabricated to not only achieve precise and efficient antibacterial activity through infection‐environment dependent photothermal‐chemodynamic therapy but also rapidly eliminate the excess reactive oxygens (ROS) in the M1 type macrophage at the infected area to induce their polarization to M2 type for significant inhibition of inflammation and remarkable enhancement of tissue regeneration, hopefully developing an effective strategy to treat the infected wound.