Exploring developmental MeHg impact on extraembryonic and cardiac vessels and its effect on cardiomyocyte contractility

The toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) during embryonic development is a relevant issue that remains unclear and deserves investigation. In this sense, there is evidence that links the intake of contaminated food with cardiovascular pathologies in human adults and children. Thus, this study aimed to verify the impact of MeHg on the structure and integrity of extraembryonic and cardiac blood vessels and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes, also evaluating embryonic weight and the cardiosomatic index (CSI). Thus, chicken embryos, used as an experimental model, were exposed to a single dose of 0.1 μg MeHg/50 μl saline at E1.5 and analyzed at E10. After exposure, an increase in the number of extraembryonic blood vessels and the veins of the cardiac tissue was observed. These increases were accompanied by a reduction in the content of VEGF and VCAM proteins related to vessel growth and adhesiveness. Together, these results were related to reduced nitrite (NOx) levels. Furthermore, MeHg reduces the number of sarcomeres and increases the content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a protein that regulates contraction. In general, exposure to MeHg affected the integrity of extraembryonic and cardiac vessels and the contractile function of cardiomyocytes, which had a systemic impact evidenced by the reduction in embryonic weight gain and CSI. Ingestion of MeHg through contaminated food is associated with cardiovascular problems. This study assessed MeHg effects on extraembryonic and cardiac blood vessels, cardiomyocyte function, embryonic weight, and cardiosomatic index (CSI). Gallus domesticus embryos received a single dose 0.1 μg MeHg/50 μl saline at E1.5, analyzed at E10. MeHg exposure increased extraembryonic and cardiac vessel numbers, reduced VEGF and VCAM proteins, and lowered NOx levels. MeHg also decreased sarcomeres and increased cTnI, impacting cardiomyocyte function, embryonic weight, and CSI.