Comparative Effects of GLP-1 Agonists, Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and durability of these surgical and medical modalities of diabetes management. Recent Findings Studies have shown that GLP-1 agonists achieve higher rates of T2DM remission compared to standard glucose-lowering medications and lifestyle changes. In addition to weight loss, bariatric surgery has been found to be highly effective in treating and inducing remission of T2DM. Studies suggest that post-surgical patients see enhanced glycemic control. Summary Both surgical interventions and GLP1 agonists are effective in achieving T2DM remission. Long-term follow-up and randomized controlled trials comparing bariatric surgery and GLP-1 agonists are necessary to evaluate their relative effectiveness in T2DM control. Further research is also needed to assess the combined effects of these treatment modalities.