Disparities in the Representation of Sex, Race and Ethnicity in Tension-Type Headache Clinical Trials

While tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache disorder, its effect according to sex, race and ethnicity remains unclear. We investigated disparities in sex, racial and ethnic representation in TTH clinical trials with comparison to global disease burdens. In this cross-sectional analysis, TTH clinical trials had female overrepresentation and racial and ethnic minority underrepresentation, which may affect understanding of the impact of TTH on different populations and personalized treatment development. Trial enrollment that is diverse and reflective of global disease burdens is crucial for improving study generalizability, understanding of diverse clinical presentations, and ensuring healthcare equity.