Microwave-assisted protocol towards synthesis of heterocyclic molecules: a comparative analysis with conventional synthetic methodologies (years 2019-2023): a review

Microwave-assisted protocols have become extensively accepted across various scientific and technological domains because of their numerous advantages, shorter reaction times, higher yields, and often milder reaction conditions. In this review, we focus on the synthesis of N, O, and S-containing heterocyclic structural cores, crucial in the development of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science following through conventional and microwave method via eliminating the side products and enhances the product yield that is nowadays the biggest barrier for a synthetic chemist. The major findings emphasizes the substantial advantages of microwave-assisted techniques over conventional synthetic protocols. This comparative study underscores the potential of microwave-assisted techniques to revolutionize heterocyclic compound synthesis, providing insights into optimizing reaction conditions and expanding the scope of chemical synthesis in industrial applications.