Reproductive Outcomes After Hysteroscopic Adhesiolysis in Patients Experiencing Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Intrauterine Adhesions

This study aims to evaluate the reproductive outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) combined with intrauterine adhesions (IUA). Single-center retrospective cohort study. International referral hospital for women with IUA and RPL. Between January 2018 and June 2022, a cohort of 64 women diagnosed with RPL and IUA were studied, with a follow-up period of at least one year after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. All patients had a diagnosis of IUA from the diagnostic hysteroscopy and were treated with hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, utilizing intraoperative ultrasound monitoring as required. Live birth rate and menstrual pattern change (subjective assessment) after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. In our cohort, 59.38% (38/64) achieved pregnancy following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, with 92.11% (35/38) conceiving within two years of the procedure. The miscarriage rate was recorded at 17.19% (11/64), and the live birth rate stood at 42.19% (27/64). Throughout the extended follow-up period, 64.06% (41/64) of the patients reported increased menstrual blood volume and improvements in menstrual patterns posthysteroscopic adhesiolysis. Univariate analysis indicated that being aged ≥35 years (p = .026), having a history of infertility (p = .003), the presence of moderate or severe IUA (p = .023), and experiencing menstrual improvements postsurgery (p = .001) were independent predictors of live birth. Multivariate analysis further identified that women with a history of infertility had a reduced chance of live birth following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (p = .008), while those who reported menstrual pattern improvements postoperatively had an increased probability of achieving a live birth (p = .031). Our findings indicate that RPL and IUA patients without prior infertility and showing menstrual pattern improvement after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, are more likely to achieve live births. Standardized hysteroscopic treatment, postoperative anti-adhesion care, and early pregnancy planning are key to improving fertility outcomes in these patients.