Multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with TMJ ankylosis and a severe dentofacial discrepancy: A case report

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition characterised by the fusion of bony or fibrous tissues in the TMJ, resulting in restricted mouth opening, functional challenges and facial deformities. This report highlights the complexity and multifaceted nature of TMJ ankylosis and emphasises the significance of early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach. Distraction osteogenesis has emerged as a successful method for managing TMJ ankylosis and associated facial asymmetry. Post-distraction orthodontic management is essential to address occlusal changes, including posterior open bite and crossbite. A 17-year-old boy with unilateral right-sided TMJ ankylosis presented with restricted mouth opening, facial asymmetry and functional difficulties. Multidisciplinary treatment planning involved distraction osteogenesis, condylectomy, coronoidectomy and orthodontic correction to achieve proper occlusion and facial aesthetics. The treatment significantly improved facial aesthetics, mouth opening, occlusion and the patient's confidence and self-esteem. This case report underscores the complexity of TMJ ankylosis and the need for a comprehensive approach, including surgical and orthodontic interventions. Collaboration among healthcare professionals and ongoing research is vital to refine treatment approaches and improve the quality of life for patients with TMJ ankylosis.