Induced membrane technique for malignant bone tumours of the humerus

Purpose The aim of this study was to report on mid- to long-term results following large humeral tumoral resection and reconstruction with the induced-membrane technique in skeletally immature patients suffering from primary malignant bone tumours. Methods A retrospective analysis identified all children who underwent the two stages of a humeral reconstruction using the induced-membrane technique for primary malignant humerus tumours between 2002 and 2020. Functional assessment was conducted by an independent observer using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system for the upper limb. Radiological assessment was performed by two independent observers and the healing index was calculated (i.e., months/cm). Results Eight adolescents (5 osteosarcomas and 3 Ewing sarcoma), with a mean age of 14.2 years (SD = 2.7), were included. The mean length of the bone resection was 17.4 cm (SD = 3.8), and the mean delay of the resection and reconstruction stages was 9.4 months (SD = 4). The mean follow-up was 6.6 years (SD = 4.3). The mean MSTS score was 77.4% and the global average healing index was 1.04 months/cm (SD = 2.2). Four complications (i.e., prominence device, fracture, aseptic pseudarthrosis, radial palsy) and one local recurrence were observed in four patients, requiring four unplanned surgical procedures in three patients. One patient died fourteen years after the initial treatment due to a lung recurrence. Conclusion The induced-membrane technique is an effective and safe alternative for reconstructing large humeral bone defects after tumour resection in adolescents. Although this is a two-stage technique, it gives good functional results comparable to other strategies found in the literature. Level of evidence IV.