Condensable and filterable particulate matter emitted from typical diesel vehicles in steady and transient driving conditions

Condensable particulate matter (CPM) and filterable particulate matter (FPM) emitted from industrial sources have been well studied, but their emissions from vehicles have not yet been covered. This study explores the emission characteristics of CPM and FPM from typical diesel vehicles under various driving conditions. The emission factors (EFs) of CPMs under driving conditions were 5.4–10.4 times higher than those of FPMs, while CPMs EFs under transient driving conditions were about 2.5 times higher than those under steady driving conditions. CPM and FPM are mainly composed of organic matter accounting for 53.3 %−92.9 %, while the intermediate and semi-volatile organic compounds dominate the organic matter accounting for 86.3 %−98.6 %. Similar to industrial sources, alkanes are the predominant organic species emitted by diesel vehicles, comprising 42.0 %−64.0 % of the detected organic components. Inorganic CPM is primarily composed of NH4+ , representing 84.9 %−87.6 % of the total, in contrast to industrial sources where SO42- and Cl- dominate. Interestingly, the air pollution control devices installed on diesel vehicles under steady driving conditions perform better in removing organic CPM and producing higher inorganic CPM emissions than those under transient driving conditions. These findings will enhance the comprehensive understanding of particulate matter emitted from diesel vehicles and provide a scientific foundation for the development of related control technologies. [Display omitted] •CPM emitted by diesel vehicles is different from industrial sources obviously.•Steady driving conditions contribute to lower organic CPM but higher inorganic CPM.•CPMs are unexpectedly higher than FPMs under various driving conditions.•CPM and FPM are primarily composed of I/SVOCs and dominated by alkanes.