Functional Amino Acids in the Regulation of Bone and Its Diseases

Bone as a vigorous tissue is constantly undergoing bone remodeling. The homeostasis of bone remodeling requires combined efforts of multifarious bone cells. Amino acids (AA), known as essential components of life support, are closely related to the regulation of bone homeostasis. In recent years, the concept of functional amino acids (FAAs) has been proposed, which is defined as AA that regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction of organisms, to highlight their outstanding contributions in the body. In the hope of exploring new therapeutic strategies, this review focus on summarizing recent progress in the vital role of FAAs in bone homeostasis maintaining and potential implications of FAAs in bone‐related diseases, and discussing related mechanisms. The results showed that FAAs are closely related to bone metabolism and therapeutic strategy targeting FAAs metabolism is one of the future trends for bone disorders, while the explorations about possible impact of FAAs‐based diets are still limited. Functional amino acids (FAAs) refer to amino acids that regulate key metabolic pathways to improve the health of organisms. The metabolites and metabolic enzymes of FAAs are responsible for bone homeostasis through complex regulatory mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic pathways. And FAAs metabolism may have a potential contribution on the prevention and treatment of bone‐related diseases.