Early Serum Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

The global population is aging. It is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the elderly population will reach 16%. Various studies have suggested that elderly people have a greater incidence of CKD. These elderly patients are also susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death, resulting in poor prognosis in this population. However, CVD in such patients is often insidious and lacks early markers for effective evaluation. Fortunately, several studies have recently proposed biomarkers associated with this process. This study aimed to summarize the early biomarkers of CVD in elderly patients with CKD to provide a basis for its prevention and treatment. This review outlines four categories of potential early biomarkers. All of them have been shown to have some clinical value for these patients, but more research is still needed.