CineVN: Variational network reconstruction for rapid functional cardiac cine MRI

Purpose To develop a reconstruction method for highly accelerated cardiac cine MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution and low temporal blurring, and to demonstrate accurate estimation of ventricular volumes and myocardial strain in healthy subjects and in patients. Methods The proposed method, called CineVN, employs a spatiotemporal Variational Network combined with conjugate gradient descent for optimized data consistency and improved image quality. The method is first evaluated on retrospectively undersampled cine MRI data in terms of image quality. Then, prospectively accelerated data are acquired in 18 healthy subjects both segmented over two heartbeats per slice as well as in real time with 1.6 mm isotropic resolution. Ventricular volumes and strain parameters are computed and compared to a compressed sensing reconstruction and to a conventional reference cine MRI acquisition. Lastly, the method is demonstrated in 46 patients and ventricular volumes and strain parameters are evaluated. Results CineVN outperformed compressed sensing in image quality metrics on retrospectively undersampled data. Functional parameters and myocardial strain were the most accurate for CineVN compared to two state‐of‐the‐art compressed sensing methods. Conclusion Deep learning‐based reconstruction using our proposed method enables accurate evaluation of cardiac function in real‐time cine MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution. This has the potential to improve cardiac imaging particularly for patients with arrhythmia or impaired breath‐hold capability.